Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist medication used to treat type 2 diabetes and manage chronic weight, sold under brand names like Ozempic, Wegovy, and Rybelsus. It works by mimicking a gut hormone to regulate appetite, increase insulin secretion, and slow digestion, aiding in significant weight loss. It is typically administered via a weekly injection or daily oral tablet. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

Key Uses & Efficacy

• Weight Management: FDA-approved for weight loss in adults with obesity (BMI $\geq$30) or overweight (BMI $\geq$27) with weight-related conditions (e.g., high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes).

• Type 2 Diabetes: Improves glycemic control.

• Cardiovascular Health: Reduces the risk of major cardiovascular events (heart attack, stroke) in adults with both type 2 diabetes and heart disease.

• Weight Loss Results: Patients may lose 10-15% of their body weight after 6 months of treatment. [1, 2, 3, 4]

Common Side Effects
The most common side effects are gastrointestinal, including: [1]

• Nausea

• Vomiting

• Diarrhea

• Constipation

• Abdominal pain

Important Considerations

• Administration: Wegovy and Ozempic are weekly injections; Rybelsus is a daily pill.

• Compounded Products: The FDA has warned about using unauthorized salt forms of semaglutide in compounded products.

• Medical Supervision: It should only be used under the supervision of a licensed healthcare professional.

• Not a Quick Fix: It is meant to be used alongside a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

Differences from Other Medications
Unlike semaglutide, which acts only on the GLP-1 receptor, medications like Tirzepatide (Mounjaro) are dual agonists acting on both GLP-1 and GIP receptors